This dot adds the next briefer note value, making it one and a half times its original duration. A number of dots ( n) lengthen the note value by 2 n − 1 / 2 n its value, so two dots add two lower note values, making a total of one and three quarters times its original duration. The rare three dots make it one and seven eighths the duration, and so on. The double dot was first used in 1752 by J. Quantz in music of the 18th century and earlier the amount by which the dot augmented the note varied: it could be more or less than the modern interpretation, to fit into the context. To divide a note value to three equal parts, or some other value than two, tuplets may be used. However, see swung note and notes inégales. Telegram’s developers position their product as safe and protected. But in practice that’s not entirely true: the reality is that Telegram has a number of quirks that make protecting your messages a little tricky, and it’s got nothing to do with the complexities of cryptography, but with much more prosaic stuff. Let’s take a look at some rather dubious features in both the messenger’s interface and general logic that make it less secure than is commonly believed. To start with, let’s figure out how a secure messenger works.

The first thing to realize is that almost all modern messengers long ago switched to encrypted data exchange between user devices and servers. That’s the absolute minimum that any messenger should provide. However, that’s not enough to consider a system secure, since it does not guarantee total message security. Here’s why: if not only messaging participants but also the service has access to chats, then that creates additional risks.

For example, the owners of the service themselves may turn out to be overly curious or greedy. Or, even if we assume they’re honest to the core and have no desire to stick their noses into users’ data, where’s the guarantee that, if the service is one day sold, the next owners would be as honest? And then of course the service could get hacked, in which case the hackers themselves would gain access to correspondence. However, there’s a very effective way to avoid all these dangers and answer the question of whether the service can be trusted once and for all: end-to-end encryption.

This ensures that information is encrypted on the sender’s device and decrypted only on the recipient’s device. As such, the service sends back and forth only encrypted messages and does not have access to the content.

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